Ice Fishing 101: What Is Ice Fishing and How to Get Started Safely

Ice fishing is the practice of catching fish through a hole drilled in the ice of a frozen lake, reservoir, or pond. Instead of casting horizontally like open-water fishing, ice fishing is done vertically. Anglers drill a hole in the ice, drop a line straight down, and fish directly beneath their feet.

Ice fishing is popular in cold regions of North America and Europe where lakes freeze solid during winter. Common target species include walleye, crappie, perch, northern pike, trout, and bass, depending on location and regulations.

Unlike warm-season fishing, ice fishing focuses heavily on:

• Ice safety and weather awareness
• Precise depth control
• Fish behavior in cold water
• Hole placement and mobility

Because fish metabolism slows in winter, success often depends on finding fish rather than waiting for them to come to you.

The basic process of ice fishing follows a few essential steps:

1. Confirm ice is safe before stepping onto the lake
2. Drill a hole using a hand auger or power auger
3. Clear ice slush from the hole
4. Lower your bait or lure to the desired depth
5. Use jigging or tip-ups to attract fish
6. Land and store your catch properly

Fish are located using experience, lake maps, or electronics such as flashers or fish finders. Many anglers drill multiple holes and move frequently until they locate active fish.

Ice fishing can be safe, but it is never risk-free. Ice conditions change constantly due to weather, currents, snow cover, and underwater structure. There is no such thing as “guaranteed safe ice.”

As a general guideline for clear, solid ice:

• Around 4 inches is considered the minimum for foot travel
• Thicker ice is required for snowmobiles, ATVs, or vehicles

However, ice thickness can vary greatly within the same lake. Areas near inlets, outlets, bridges, pressure cracks, vegetation, or moving water are often much thinner and more dangerous.

Every ice angler should:

• Check local ice reports before going out
• Carry ice picks, a throw rope, and a flotation suit or life jacket
• Fish with a partner whenever possible
• Test ice thickness regularly as they move

Safety knowledge is just as important as fishing skill.

Staying warm and dry is critical. Ice fishing often involves long periods of sitting still, which makes cold temperatures feel much harsher.

A layered clothing system works best:

• A moisture-wicking base layer
• An insulating mid-layer such as fleece or down
• A waterproof and windproof outer layer

Insulated boots, warm gloves, and a hat that blocks wind are essential. Wet clothing can lead to rapid heat loss, so waterproof gear is strongly recommended.